• To offer students a comprehensive understanding of the C programming language, including its historical context,
• Problem-solving skills, coding techniques, debugging strategies, and best practices for testing and documenting code. 
• These objectives collectively contribute to building a solid foundation in C programming

Unit 1: Problem Solving with Computer [6 Hrs.] 

1. Problem analysis 
2. Algorithms and Flowchart 
3. History of C 
4. Structure of C program 
   1. Debugging 
   2. Compiling a C program 
   3. Executing a C program 
5. Testing and Documentation 
6. Preprocessor and Macros

• To provide student with a strong foundation in the essential elements of the C programming language. 
• To student will gain proficiency in constructing C code, manipulating data, and understanding the fundamental building blocks of C programs.

Unit 2: Elements of C [2 Hrs.] 

1. C Character Set 
2. Tokens 
3. Escape sequence 
4. Variables Declaration and Initialization
5. Data types 
   1. Basic, Derived, and User Defined 
6. Constants/ Literals 
7. Expressions 
8. Statements 
9. Comments

• To equip learners with the skills necessary to effectively read and write data in C programs.
• To learners will be able to interact with users, handle input data, and present output  results in a  controlled  and organized manner.

Unit 3: Input and Output [2 Hrs.]

1. Unformatted and Formatted I/O
2. Conversion specifier
3. Character Input and Output
4. I/O operations

• To learners with a deep understanding of various operators and their usage in C programming.
• To learners will be able to manipulate data, create complex conditions, and optimize code for efficient execution.

Unit 4: Operators and Expression [4 Hrs.]

1. Operator, Operand and Expression
2. Types of Operators
   1. Arithmetic operator
   2. Relational operator
   3. Logical or Boolean operator
   4. Assignment Operator
   5. Bitwise operator
   6. Prefix and Postfix Increment and Decrement operator
   7. Ternary operator
   8. Special Operators (size of and comma)
3. Evaluation of Expression
4. Operator Precedence and Associativity

• To provide learners with the skills to control program execution flow based on conditions, implement looping mechanisms for repetitive tasks, and manage loops with break and continue statements.
• To learners will be able to write more dynamic and efficient programs that can adapt to different scenarios and perform iterative actions

Unit 5: Control Statement [8 Hrs.]

1. Introduction to Control Structure
2. Sequential Control Statement
3. Decision Making Statement
   1. if, if else, if else if, nested if and switch case
4. Iteration (Loop) Statement 
5. for, while, do while, nested loops
6. Break and Continue statement

• To provide learners with a solid understanding of arrays and strings in C programming
• To learners will be able to store and process data using arrays, effectively handle textual information through strings, and utilize string library functions for various string operations

Unit 6: Arrays and string [6 Hrs.]

1. Introduction to Array
2. Declaration
3. Memory Representation of Array
4. Initialization of Array
5. Types of Arrays
   1. Single Dimensional and Multidimensional
6. Character Array and Strings
7. Reading and Writing Strings
8. Null Character
9. Library Functions for String handling

• To equip learners with the skills to create modular, organized, and efficient programs using functions, while also understanding how variable scope and lifetime influence data management and program structure.

Unit 7: Functions [6 Hrs.]

1. Introduction to Functions
2. Types of Functions
   1. Library Functions
   2. User defined functions)
3. Components of Functions
   1. Function prototype
   2. Function call
   3. Function Definition
4. Function Arguments and Return Types
5. Passing Arrays to Function
6. Passing Strings to Function
7. Storage Class (auto, register, static, extern)
8. Scope of Variables (Local and Global)
9. Recursive Function

• To declare, manipulate, and utilize pointers effectively, understand pointer arithmetic, work with arrays and character strings, use pointers as function arguments, and implement dynamic memory allocation.

Unit 8: Pointers[4hrs]

1. Introduction
2. The & and * operator,
3. Declaration of pointer
4. Chain of Pointers
5. Pointer Arithmetic
6. Pointers and Arrays
7. Pointers and Character Strings
8. Array of Pointers
9. Pointers as Function Arguments
10. Dynamic Memory Allocation
    1. malloc()
    2. calloc()
    3. realloc()
    4. free()
11. Pass by value, Pass by reference

• To provide learners with a deeper understanding of advanced data structures and their usage in C programming
• To organize and manage complex data, efficiently pass and manipulate structured data within functions, and use pointers to navigate and modify structure instances

Unit 9: Structure and Union [4 Hrs.]

1. Introduction
2. Declaration and Initialization of Structure and
3. Structure Variable
4. Array of structure
5. Passing structure to function
6. Passing array of structure to function
7. Nested Structure
8. Pointer to structure
9. Union vs Structure

• To read data from external files or write data to files as a means of input/output operations.
• To store and retrieve information persistently, allowing data to be preserved  even  after  the  program terminates.

Unit 10: File Handling[6hrs]

1. Concept of File
2. File Operation Modes
3. Opening and Closing of File
4. Input Output Operations in File
5. Random access in File

Semester-End examination

50

30

20